General neguib ended the monarchical system in egypt and became president of the newly formed republic. Economic conditions in egypt prior to 25th of january revolution. Hala ewaidat the nile and the egyptian revolutions. An opponent of ousted president mohammed morsi holds up a poster of egyptian defense minister general abdul fatah alsisi with an arabic words that. The ussr and the egyptian revolution, 1952 springerlink. Egypts government approve a 15 per cent raise in salaries and pensions in a bid to appease the angry masses. Egyptian revolution 1952 witty 2011 major reference works. It dominated egyptian politics until the 1952 coup when it was dissolved but reemerged in opposition in 1984. International encyclopedia of revolution and protest, ed. Much of egypts ancient history was a mystery until egyptian hieroglyphs were deciphered with the discovery and help of the rosetta stone. Among the seven wonders of the ancient world, is the great. It was the first organized speech against the king in egypts history. The egyptian revolution of 1952 professornguyen fall2014.
The egyptian revolution of 1952 ended foreign domination of egypt and marked the first time that egyptians would rule themselves since the pharaohs. The egyptian revolution of 1952, also known as the 1952 coup detat or 23 july revolution, began on 23 july 1952, by the free officers movement, a group of army officers led by mohammed naguib and gamal abdel nasser. Sixtythree years on from the 1952 revolution which ousted king farouk, widely known as the 23 july revolution in egypt, the events history and its effects on the countrys history are still a. Abstract the egyptian revolution of 1952 ended foreign domination of egypt and marked the first time that egyptians would rule themselves. The former was led by the free officers club, which like urabi and his colleagues, was a group of military officers with grievances against the government. Country marks five years since the start of demonstrations that led to the downfall of longtime ruler hosni mubarak. Egypts authoritarianism before and after the nations britishbacked monarchy was overthrown in 1952 was partly a reaction to. The revolution, carried out by military officers led by colonel gamal abdel nasser, would change egypt by ending british occupation and the rule of ottoman elites, and by establishing economic. The realization of a new economic reform, began in 1991 and that is still going on. The economic development in egypt during the 19522007.
Egyptian revolution of 1952 project gutenberg self. Gamal abdel nasser 19541970, anwar sadat 19701981, hosni mubarak 19812011, and abdel fattah al sisi 20present. The term arab spring, while controversial, has come to represent the events that have rocked this region since the beginning of 2011. Egypt, revolution of 1952 poljarevic major reference works. On 23 july 1952 the free officers movement led by general muhammad naguib and nasser overthrew king farouk. Demographics, technology, foreign policy, legitimacy of the state, torture, corruption and other factors all played a part in bringing discontented egyptians. The egyptian revolution of 1952, also known as the july 23 revolution. The egyptian revolution of 1952 arabic language 23 1952. Egyptian revolution, it is worth elaborating on the economic. Almost 5% of people held over 80% of egypts resources, and the other 95% shared the remaining 20% of. The military coup detat of 23 july ostensibly directed against top officers who were involved in cor ruption during the 1948 palestine fightinghas resulted in. The goal of the revolution was to overthrow king farouk and his son, to remove any remnants of british influence in the government, and to end the. Congressional research service 1 historical background since 1952, when a cabal of egyptian army officers, known as the free officers movement, ousted the britishbacked king, egypts military has produced four presidents.
Revolution july 23, 1952 is a military coup began on july 23, 1952 in egypt by a group of officers calling themselves the free officers organization, and launched a revolution in the beginning, the movement of the army, and then later known as the revolution of july 23. This would prove to be crucial in the act of revolution and the years immediately after. The political environment in egypt was known in all the declarations of constitutional and constitutions interim that followed the 1952 revolution up to the permanent constitution in 1971, as amended, and until the 25th of january revolution, as a mixed system in form or constitutional. Citizens are back in the most direct manner, using the street, regaining control over the street as a political arena, which once again did not exist in egypt since 1952.
Usegyptian relations from the 1952 revolution to the suez c ris is resembled to some extent a game of chess between nasser of egypt, and. On wednesday morning, 23 july 1952, a military coup occurred in egypt, carried out by the free officers and led by general muhammad naguib, but the real power behind the military coup was gamal abdel nasser. On january 25, 2011, thousands poured into tahrir square, the symbolic heart of cairo. Us aid to egypt exacerbated the burden wartime expenditure placed on the economy, already strained by the radical socialization drive of the 1960s, and drove egypt deeper into debt to the soviet union.
The egyptian revolution of 1952 early morning on july 23 1952, egypt would wake up to find itself in the wake of an eminent revolution. Beginning in december 2010, unprecedented mass demonstrations against poverty, corruption, and political repression broke out in several arab countries, challenging the authority of some of the most entrenched regimes in the middle east and north africa. Elegantly crafted, brilliantly argued, and richly and evocatively evidenced, ketchleys egypt in a time of revolution is unparalleled in its methodological and theoretical sophistication and its empirical and analytical strengths the single most impressive piece of scholarship on the socalled arab spring and one of the very best studies. Remembering the 1952 egyptian revolution middle east monitor.
Israel also tried to turn to egypt in 1952 through individuals who did not hold official positions. Poljarevic, emin 2009, egypt, revolution of 1952, international encyclopedia of revolution and protest immanuel ness et al eds. At the time of writing, the arab spring has seen the collapse of four heads of the regions authoritarian regimes. Ecology and culture in modern arabic poetry 2015 international journal of research in humanities and social studies v2 i5 may 2015 86 in 1919 the political party, alwafd, started the first revolution in egypt in the twentieth. For months political and social issues have been boiling over, throwing the country into disarray and chaos. After the egyptian revolution of 1952, the british agreed to withdraw their troops and did so by june 1956. The nationalist wafd party was formed in 1924, two years after egypt gained its independence from britain. Egypts political scene is similar to that of most countries with a. In many ways, the 1952 revolution resembles the urabi revolt. Large contingents of entente forces were stationed in egypt and drained the area of vital food and supplies. Background although the ottoman empire retained nominal sovereignty over egypt, the political connection between the two countries was largely severed by the seizure of power by muhammad ali in 1805, and reenforced by the british occupation of egypt in. Prior to the revolution on the 25th of january, the economy in. For some purposes the flag of a white crescent and three stars on green was still used until 1958. Egypt, country located in the northeastern corner of africa.
Egypts people continued to riot, and on july 26th 1952, king farouk was overthrown. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. Their revolution was prompted by grievances with the government that had deep social, economic, political and historical roots. The paper refers to the new economic reformation in egypt. Rioting against the ing royalfriendly officers for the army leadership. Egyptians have revolted several times in recent historyin 1882, 1919, 1952. Pdf egypt, revolution of 1952 emin poljarevic academia. A protester stands in front of a burning barricade during a demonstration in cairo, egypt, 2011. Egypts new attitude towards positive neutralism coincided with soviet realisation that egypt was the most favourable state to approach in the eastern mediterranean.
Main causes of the egyptian conflict with mubarak synonym. The history of egypt has been long and wealthy, due to the flow of the nile river with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of egypts native inhabitants and outside influence. Lieutenantcolonel gamal abdel nasser, prime minister of egypt, president of the council of the revolution command. They streamed across the venerable qasr alnil bridge, broke through security barriers as they raced through downtown streets, and marched in small clusters or long lines along the nile corniche from the southern and northern districts. Covert diplomacy between israel and egypt during nasser rule. Media in category 1952 egyptian revolution the following 33 files are in this category, out of 33 total. A history of the egyptian revolution by dr khaled fahmy duration. The revolution was initially aimed at overthrowing king farouk i. Countries of the world series know everything about egypt duration. During wwi, the defense of the suez canal was one of the top priorities for the british. Egypt affirmed its arab allegiance, opened up to its african continent and muslim world, supported. Pdf egyptian revolution causes, incidents and results. The egyptian revolution of 1952 was staged during the night of july 22 to the 23, 1952.
However, the movement had more political ambitions, and soon moved to abolish the constitutional monarchy and aristocracy of egypt and sudan, establish a republic, end the british occupation of the country, and. Britain went to war against egypt over the suez canal. Pages in category egyptian revolution of 1952 the following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. The free officers movement was a group that consisted of army officers who wanted to abolish the monarchy allied to the british empire and end the muhammad ali dynasty of egypt and sudan. The egyptian revolution of 1952 was staged during the. The revolution was initially aimed at overthrowing king faruq. Ben alis in tunisia on 17 january, mubaraks in egypt on 11 february, qadhafis in libya on 23 august, and saleh in yemen. The military coup in egypt central intelligence agency. In egypt, the society of free officers seizes control of the government in a military coup detat staged by. They were even far greater than the mass demonstrations which toppled the socialist era. Prior to discussing the direct and indirect reasons behind the egyptian revolution, it is worth elaborating on the economic, social, and political circumstances of egypt prior to the 25th of january revolution.
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